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国防科工委、发展改革委、国资委关于推进军工企业股份制改造的指导意见

作者:法律资料网 时间:2024-07-06 11:58:01  浏览:9025   来源:法律资料网
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国防科工委、发展改革委、国资委关于推进军工企业股份制改造的指导意见

国防科学技术工业委员会 国家发展改革委等


国防科工委、发展改革委、国资委关于推进军工企业股份制改造的指导意见

科工法[2007]546号


各省、自治区、直辖市国防科工委(办)、发展改革委、经贸委(经委)、中小企业局(厅、办)、国资委,证监会,总装备部,各军工集团公司,国防科工委委管各单位:

  为贯彻落实党的十六大、十六届三中、四中、五中和六中全会精神,落实《国务院关于鼓励支持和引导个体私营等非公有制经济发展的若干意见》(国发[2005]3号)要求,积极探索在改革开放和社会主义市场经济条件下国防科技工业发展的新路子,深化军工企业改革,加快体制机制创新,进一步增强军工企业活力,促进国防科技工业全面、协调和可持续发展,经国务院同意,现就军工企业股份制改造工作提出如下意见。

  一、充分认识军工企业股份制改造的重大意义

  (一)推进军工企业股份制改造是当前和今后一段时期一项十分重要和紧迫的任务。近年来,在国家政策支持和引导下,军工企业改革不断深化,取得了一定成效。但由于多种原因,军工行业整体改革步伐缓慢,多数企业产权结构单一、机制不活、效益不高等长期存在的问题没有根本解决,这不仅严重制约了国防科技工业的持续、健康发展,而且难以适应中国特色军事变革的需要。随着企业改革的深化,军工行业壁垒逐渐被打破,许多具有技术和经济实力的非军工企业,包括民营企业、外资企业以及混合所有制企业积极参与武器装备的科研生产活动,军工企业面临越来越激烈的市场竞争。因此,必须通过体制机制创新,增强企业自主发展能力和市场竞争能力。加快推进军工企业股份制改造,既是适应社会主义市场经济发展的客观需要,也是解决影响军工企业改革发展深层次矛盾和问题的有效措施。

  (二)军工企业股份制改造已具备了相应的条件。随着社会主义市场经济体制的不断完善,国有企业改革进一步深化,为军工企业股份制改造创造了良好的外部环境。与此同时,按照建立“小核心、大协作、寓军于民”新体系的要求,国防科技工业调整改革不断深化,也为推进军工企业股份制改造创造了条件。目前除少数关系国家战略安全和涉及国家核心机密的重点军工企业外,多数军工企业承担的是军民两用产品或一般军用配套产品生产任务,改变了单一生产军品的状况。军工企业既是武器装备科研生产的骨干力量,又是国民经济建设的生力军,具有公益性和经营性双重属性,也应适应市场经济的发展要求。按照党的十六届三中全会关于使股份制成为公有制主要实现形式的要求,在保证国有经济控制力的前提下,符合条件的军工企业完全可以实行规范的股份制改造,为国防科技工业发展提供新动力。

  (三)推进军工企业股份制改造是国防科技工业领域的一场深刻变革,意义重大。一是有利于打破行业、军民及所有制界限,拓宽融资渠道,充分利用社会各方面科技和经济力量进行国防建设,提升国防科技工业的整体能力和水平,促进国防科技工业寓军于民新体制和竞争、评价、监督、激励机制的建立。二是有利于军工企业建立规范的法人治理结构,转换经营机制,增强军工企业内在活力和自主发展能力,成为真正的市场主体。三是有利于军工企业国有资本合理流动和重组,实现资源优化配置和军工国有资产保值增值。要进一步解放思想,转变观念,与时俱进,充分认识军工企业深化改革的重要性和紧迫性,积极创造条件推进军工企业实施股份制改造。

  二、推进军工企业股份制改造的指导思想、目标和基本原则

  (四)军工企业股份制改造的指导思想是:以邓小平理论和“三个代表”重要思想为指导,全面贯彻落实党的十六大、十六届三中、四中、五中和六中全会精神,牢固树立科学发展观,坚持军民结合、寓军于民的方针,以完善公司法人治理结构、转换经营机制和提高经济效益为重点,积极稳妥和规范有序地推进军工企业股份制改造,建立适应社会主义市场经济和武器装备建设要求的新体制新机制,切实提高国防科技工业自主发展能力和整体素质,更好地满足国防建设和国民经济发展需要。

  (五)军工企业股份制改造的主要目标是:力争用几年的时间,使符合条件的军工企业基本完成股份制改造,实现投资主体多元化,推动军工企业建立现代企业制度和现代产权制度,形成规范的法人治理结构,打造管理高效、机制灵活、决策科学的新型军工企业,建立起有效的激励机制和风险制约机制,使其成为真正的市场主体。

  (六)军工企业股份制改造的基本原则是:坚持正确处理改革、发展和稳定的关系,改革方案要同武器装备发展和国民经济发展需要相适应;坚持分类指导,循序渐进,稳步推进股份制改造,确保国家对武器装备科研生产能力的控制力;坚持严格审批、规范操作、有效监控,保证军工设备设施的安全、完整和有效;坚持保护各类投资主体的合法权利和维护职工的合法权益,防止军工国有资产流失和职工利益受到损害。

  三、分类推进军工企业股份制改造

  (七)军工企业关系国家安全,必须严格界定股份制改造的范围和程度,科学区分企业类型,统筹规划,选择试点,精心组织,分步实施。

  (八)对从事战略武器装备生产、关系国家战略安全和涉及国家核心机密的少数核心重点保军企业,应继续保持国有独资,在禁止其核心保军资产和技术进入股份制企业的前提下,允许对其通用设备设施和辅业资产进行重组改制。

  (九)对从事关键武器装备总体设计、总装集成以及关键分系统、特殊配套件生产的重点保军企业在保持国家绝对控股的前提下可以实施股份制改造。鼓励境内资本(指内资资本)参与企业股份制改造,允许企业在行业内部或跨行业实施以市场为主导的重组、联合或者兼并,允许企业非核心资产在改制过程中租赁、转让或拍卖。

  (十)除上述两类企业外,对从事重要武器装备生产的其他重点保军企业,根据承制武器装备的重要程度,可实行国有绝对控股、相对控股、参股等多种形式的股份制改造,鼓励引入境内资本和有条件地允许外资参与企业股份制改造,鼓励符合条件的企业通过资本市场进行融资。

  (十一)鼓励和支持以民为主,从事军民两用产品、一般武器装备及配套产品生产的军工企业引入各类社会资本实施股份制改造,具备条件的军工企业可以在国内外资本市场上融资。

  (十二)国有独资的军工企业要按照《公司法》的要求,逐步建立董事会制度,规范公司的组织和行为。鼓励军工集团公司之间交叉持股,经批准允许其主营业务资产整体重组改制。

  四、加强对军工企业股份制改造的监督管理

  (十三)各有关部门要充分认识军工企业股份制改造的必要性、复杂性和艰巨性,以高度的政治责任感和历史使命感,转变观念,扎实工作,切实加强对军工企业股份制改造工作的组织领导和监督管理,确保军工企业股份制改造工作规范有序推进。

  (十四)军工企业实施股份制改造,报国资委、国防科工委批准后,依照《企业国有资产监督管理暂行条例》等规定的法定程序实施。国防科工委会同总装备部和国家有关部门综合考虑武器装备战略影响大小、系统集成强弱和国防专用程度高低等因素,制定军工企业核心保军资产和技术指导目录,实施目录管理,并根据发展需要进行动态调整。

  (十五)军工企业实施股份制改造,要严格遵守国务院办公厅转发国务院国有资产监督管理委员会《关于规范国有企业改制工作意见的通知》(国办发[2003]96号)等国家有关规范国有企业改制工作的规定。

  (十六)军工企业实施股份制改造,应严格执行国家保密法律法规。企业要建立严格的保密议事规则,涉密董事、监事、股东在保密期限内必须承担保密义务,签订保密协议;要强化保密意识,落实保密责任,加强对涉密事项和涉密人员管理,严禁发生泄密事件。规范军工企业的信息披露,境内上市公司披露信息中涉及军品秘密的,可持国防科工委保密部门出具的证明,向证券交易所提出信息披露豁免申请。为军工企业股份制改造或上市提供服务的中介机构,必须符合国家有关保密要求的规定。

  (十七)在非常情况下,国家可依据《宪法》、《国防法》和国家有关法律法规,对武器装备科研生产、装备采购、战时动员以及承担武器装备科研生产改制企业等实行特别管制,确保武器装备科研生产任务的完成和国家安全。

  五、加强相关政策法规和制度建设

  (十八)加强政策的引导作用,鼓励和支持符合条件的军工企业实施股份制改造。国家为实施股份制改造的军工企业在军品市场准入、承担军品任务、投资、军工设备设施管理、税收和土地使用等方面创造良好的政策和法规环境。

  (十九)建立和完善武器装备科研生产准入和退出制度。修改限制非国有资本进入武器装备科研生产领域的政策法规,扩大武器装备科研生产许可证发放范围,鼓励社会资本参与武器装备科研生产。根据国家有关武器装备科研生产许可证管理的规定,对股份制改造后符合条件的军品生产企业,国家将继续发放武器装备科研生产许可证,并对获得许可证的企业实行动态管理。

  (二十)改革和完善国防科技工业投资体制。国家营造有利于各类投资主体参与军品科研生产公平、有序竞争的市场环境,促进生产要素的合理流动,优化投资结构,推进投资主体多元化。同时充分发挥国家投资的引导性作用和市场配置资源的基础性作用。国家对实施股份制改造的军工企业,继续给予军品科研生产必要的投资支持。

  (二十一)加强军工设备设施管理。严格贯彻执行国家有关国防资产、军工设备设施管理的法律法规,规范股份制改造过程中军工设备设施使用、处置行为,保证军工设备设施的安全、完整和有效,确保武器装备科研生产能力不受损害,为武器装备科研生产提供重要基础保障。

  (二十二)改革完善军品税收政策,为不同所有制企业从事武器装备科研生产创造公平竞争环境。实施股份制改造后的军工企业,符合有关规定的,国家将继续给予军品科研生产税收优惠政策。

国防科工委

发展改革委

国资委

二○○七年五月十七日

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国防科工委关于印发《国防科技工业固定资产投资年度计划管理办法》的通知

国防科学技术工业委员会


国防科工委关于印发《国防科技工业固定资产投资年度计划管理办法》的通知

国务院有关部门、直属机构,各省、自治区、直辖市国防科工委(办),各军工集团公司,中国工程物理研究院,有关民口中央企业集团公司,委属各高校,有关单位:

  现将《国防科技工业固定资产投资年度计划管理办法》印发给你们,请遵照执行。

  附件:XXXX年军工固定资产投资项目投资计划申报表


二○○六年十一月九日

国防科技工业固定资产投资年度计划管理办法

第一章 总 则

  第一条 为了加强国防科技工业固定资产投资年度计划管理,规范年度投资计划编制程序,提高军工投资效益,根据国家投资管理的有关规定,结合国防科技工业具体实际,制定本办法。

  第二条 国防科技工业固定资产投资年度计划的申报、编制、下达、执行与监督,适用本办法。

  本办法所称国防科技工业固定资产投资,是指由国防科工委负责审批或审核后报国务院审批的使用或部分使用政府资金的各类固定资产投资。

  本办法所称政府资金主要包括中央预算内资金和中央预算内专项资金(以下简称“国债”)。

  第三条 国防科技工业固定资产投资年度计划管理遵循以下基本原则:

  (一)坚持科学发展观,有利于提升武器装备研制生产能力和促进国防科技工业持续、稳定、协调发展;

  (二)坚持年度投资计划与中长期规划相衔接,促进国防科技工业中长期规划目标的实现;

  (三)坚持综合平衡,统筹需求与可能,确保重大工程和重点项目的需要;

  (四)坚持规范化、程序化管理,严格执行国家有关规定和要求。

  第四条 国防科工委负责研究确定国防科技工业年度投资计划任务和目标,负责落实国防科技工业年度政府固定资产投资规模;负责年度投资计划的综合平衡;负责投资计划的编制下达;负责计划执行情况的监督、检查和综合管理。

  各地方国防科技工业管理部门负责本地区中央所属(含军队)以外的单位年度投资计划的申报、审查、组织实施;协助国防科工委负责辖区内各类国防科技工业固定资产投资项目计划执行情况的跟踪检查。

  有关部门(单位)、各军工集团公司和民口中央企业集团公司负责本部门(单位)、本集团年度投资计划的申报、审查和组织实施。

  各项目法人单位按照国家关于项目法人责任制的要求,负责组织项目年度计划的具体实施和日常管理。

  第五条 国防科技工业固定资产投资年度计划属国家指令性计划,是项目开工、实施和开展项目执行情况评价考核的重要依据。

  应急救灾等政府补助资金项目,其年度投资计划同时作为项目立项和实施的依据。

第二章 计划编制和下达

  第六条 年度政府投资规模是指当年用于国防科技工业固定资产投资的各类财政性资金的总和。年度政府投资规模由国防科工委根据国防科技工业中长期规划和项目实际需要,按国家预算管理程序商财政部及有关部门后确定。

  第七条 国防科技工业中央预算内固定资产投资计划分为年初首批计划和年中补充计划。首批计划安排中央预算内投资总量应不低于当年年度投资规模的75%,安排意见于上年11月4日前明确,于当年4月下达;年中补充计划重点安排难以列入首批计划且急需投资的项目,可根据实际需要分批安排,并于当年9月底前安排完毕。国债投资计划可根据项目实际需要商发展改革委在当年适时分批安排。

  第八条 年度计划编制和下达程序主要包括:部署编制工作、申报、审核平衡、计划下达。

  第九条 国防科工委于每年7月开始部署下一年度计划编制工作,提出编制工作的要求;于每年9月下发专门文件,明确下一年度投资计划的有关政策、安排原则、重点投向和具体要求。

  第十条 各有关部门(单位)、地方国防科技工业管理部门、各军工集团公司和民口中央企业集团公司(以下简称有关部门和单位)应根据本办法有关规定,按以下要求向国防科工委申报投资计划建议。

  中央预算内投资项目计划的申报。各有关部门和单位应于每年7月底前申报下一年度投资需求建议;于每年10月15日前申报下一年度首批中央预算内投资计划建议;年中补充计划建议应结合项目实际需要在当年9月15日前适时申报。

  国债投资计划的申报。各有关部门和单位应结合项目实际需要,在当年年中适时申报项目投资计划建议。

  应急救灾等政府补助资金项目,由国防科工委根据实际需要,直接列入年度投资计划。

  第十一条 国防科工委根据本办法第十三条、第十四条、第十五条相关规定和当年计划工作任务、目标及计划安排原则,对各有关部门和单位申报的投资计划建议进行审核和综合平衡,提出初步安排意见并与有关部门和单位衔接、交换意见后进行调整,形成投资计划草案。

  第十二条 中央预算内投资计划草案商财政部落实年度预算后由国防科工委下达投资计划。

  国债投资计划草案送发展改革委核准后,由国防科工委下发各有关部门和单位。

  第十三条 申报和列入年度投资计划的项目应具备以下条件:

  (一)符合安排原则和重点投向;

  (二)新开工项目的可行性研究报告已经批准,并具备开工条件;

  (三)续建项目第二次申请投资计划应完成初步设计审批;当年首批计划已安排投资且再次申报的,项目计划完成率应达到80%以上并有充分理由;

  (四)项目管理规范,年度计划任务明确、节点清楚;

  (五)国防科工委规定的其他条件。

  第十四条 项目年度投资计划申报需列明项目名称、性质、规模、周期、总投资及资金来源、累计下达投资、累计完成投资(按项目实际财务支出计算)、本次计划申请投资及对应的建设内容、节点和形象等内容(详见附表)。

  政府投资2亿元(含2亿元)以上项目在申报投资计划时,同时要明确项目主要实施节点安排、单台价格100万元人民币或10万美元以上仪器设备和500万元以上单体土建工程的招投标实施方案、重要材料的采购计划。

  第十五条 每个项目每年原则上只安排一次投资计划,安排的投资额度应考虑该项目实施到第二年3月底前的资金需要;因特殊情况确需在当年追加安排第二次投资计划的,应符合本办法第十三条第三款要求。

  除特殊情况外,未按本办法要求申报投资计划的,一律不予安排投资。

第三章 计划执行与监督

  第十六条 各有关部门和单位应根据国防科工委下达的年度投资计划和国防科技工业固定资产投资管理的有关规定,及时组织、指导、督促项目单位按计划进度和有关要求实施。

  第十七条 国防科技工业年度投资计划一经下达必须严格执行,不得擅自调整。因特殊情况确需调整的,应于当年9月20日前向国防科工委申报。

  第十八条 国防科工委实行年度投资计划执行情况季报制度。各有关部门和单位应于每年每季度第一个月12日前分别报送上年全年、当年第一季度、上半年和前三季度所有在建项目的计划执行情况。季报应准确、及时、完整。

  第十九条 国防科工委定期或不定期组织开展计划执行情况的跟踪检查,并对出现的重大问题进行协调处理。

  各地方国防科技工业管理部门应协助国防科工委做好年度计划执行情况的跟踪管理。

  各有关部门(单位)和各军工集团公司应加强对本部门(单位)、本集团年度投资计划执行情况的监督管理,规范项目单位投资管理制度,提高投资效益和投资管理水平。

  第二十条 国防科工委将实施固定资产投资管理诚信制度,并将各有关部门和单位及项目单位的年度投资计划执行情况纳入诚信评价体系。具体办法另行制定。

第四章 罚 则

  第二十一条 项目单位有下列行为之一的,责令限期改正,进行通报批评,并同时暂停受理、审批该单位基础类建设项目,暂停或直至取消该项目后续投资计划安排。情节特别严重的,按有关规定移送审计、监察或司法机关处理。

  (一)以虚报、冒领等手段骗取国家资金的;

  (二)转移、侵占项目资金的;

  (三)挪用项目资金的;

  (四)违反其他财经纪律情节严重的。

  第二十二条 擅自调整项目建设目标和内容的,责令限期改正,进行通报批评。限期未改正的,暂停安排该项目年度投资计划,暂停受理、审批该单位基础类建设项目。

  第二十三条 项目单位有下列行为之一的,责令限期整改。限期未整改的,暂停安排该项目年度投资计划。

  (一)截至每年9月底,续建项目累计计划完成率不到60%的;

  (二)与政府投资配套的银行贷款或自有资金不按规定到位的;

  (三)国防科工委规定的其他情况。

  第二十四条 项目单位有下列行为之一的,责令限期改正,进行通报批评。限期未改正的,暂停安排该项目年度投资计划,并暂停受理、审批该单位基础类建设项目。

  (一) 不依法组织招标的;

  (二) 擅自改变招标范围、招标方式的;

  (三) 在招投标过程中弄虚作假的。

  第二十五条 被暂停投资计划安排或项目审批确实需要重新启动的,需向国防科工委提出书面申请,经国防科工委批准后可启动相关工作。

  第二十六条 各有关部门(单位)有下列行为之一的,责令限期改正,进行通报批评。属军工集团公司的,在年度绩效评价考核中酌情扣分。

  (一)不及时转发国防科工委年度投资计划的;

  (二)违反规定收取建设项目管理费或技术协调费的;

  (三)侵占、截留项目单位建设资金的;

  (四) 在项目申报、年度投资计划申报和投资季报中弄虚作假的;

  (五) 国防科工委规定的其他情况。

  第二十七条 国防科工委及有关部门和单位的工作人员在项目计划管理过程中滥用职权、玩忽职守、徇私舞弊、索贿受贿的,按有关规定追究其行政责任;构成犯罪的,按有关规定移送司法机关处理。

第五章 附 则

  第二十八条 核设施退役及放射性废物治理项目年度投资计划管理参照本办法执行。

  第二十九条 本办法由国防科工委负责解释。

  第三十条 本办法自发布之日起施行。

中华人民共和国加入议定书(英文本)

世界贸易组织法律文件


PROTOCOL ON THE ACCESSION OF
THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA


Preamble

The World Trade Organization ("WTO"), pursuant to the approval of the Ministerial Conference of the WTO accorded under Article XII of the Marrakesh Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization ("WTO Agreement"), and the People's Republic of China ("China"),

Recalling that China was an original contracting party to the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 1947,

Taking note that China is a signatory to the Final Act Embodying the Results of the Uruguay Round of Multilateral Trade Negotiations,

Taking note of the Report of the Working Party on the Accession of China in document WT/ACC/CHN/49 ("Working Party Report"),

Having regard to the results of the negotiations concerning China's membership in the WTO,

Agree as follows:

Part I - General Provisions

1. General

1. Upon accession, China accedes to the WTO Agreement pursuant to Article XII of that Agreement and thereby becomes a Member of the WTO.

2. The WTO Agreement to which China accedes shall be the WTO Agreement as rectified, amended or otherwise modified by such legal instruments as may have entered into force before the date of accession. This Protocol, which shall include the commitments referred to in paragraph 342 of the Working Party Report, shall be an integral part of the WTO Agreement.

3. Except as otherwise provided for in this Protocol, those obligations in the Multilateral Trade Agreements annexed to the WTO Agreement that are to be implemented over a period of time starting with entry into force of that Agreement shall be implemented by China as if it had accepted that Agreement on the date of its entry into force.

4. China may maintain a measure inconsistent with paragraph 1of Article II of the General Agreement on Trade in Services ("GATS") provided that such a measure is recorded in the List of Article II Exemptions annexed to this Protocol and meets the conditions of the Annex to the GATS on Article II Exemptions.

2. Administration of the Trade Regime

(A) Uniform Administration

1. The provisions of the WTO Agreement and this Protocol shall apply to the entire customs territory of China, including border trade regions and minority autonomous areas, Special Economic Zones, open coastal cities, economic and technical development zones and other areas where special regimes for tariffs, taxes and regulations are established (collectively referred to as "special economic areas").

2. China shall apply and administer in a uniform, impartial and reasonable manner all its laws, regulations and other measures of the central government as well as local regulations, rules and other measures issued or applied at the sub-national level (collectively referred to as "laws, regulations and other measures") pertaining to or affecting trade in goods, services, trade-related aspects of intellectual property rights ("TRIPS") or the control of foreign exchange.

3. China's local regulations, rules and other measures of local governments at the sub-national level shall conform to the obligations undertaken in the WTO Agreement and this Protocol.

4. China shall establish a mechanism under which individuals and enterprises can bring to the attention of the national authorities cases of non-uniform application of the trade regime.

(B) Special Economic Areas

1. China shall notify to the WTO all the relevant laws, regulations and other measures relating to its special economic areas, listing these areas by name and indicating the geographic boundaries that define them. China shall notify the WTO promptly, but in any case within 60 days, of any additions or modifications to its special economic areas, including notification of the laws, regulations and other measures relating thereto.

2. China shall apply to imported products, including physically incorporated components, introduced into the other parts of China's customs territory from the special economic areas, all taxes, charges and measures affecting imports, including import restrictions and customs and tariff charges, that are normally applied to imports into the other parts of China's customs territory.

3. Except as otherwise provided for in this Protocol, in providing preferential arrangements for enterprises within such special economic areas, WTO provisions on non-discrimination and national treatment shall be fully observed.

(C) Transparency

1. China undertakes that only those laws, regulations and other measures pertaining to or affecting trade in goods, services, TRIPS or the control of foreign exchange that are published and readily available to other WTO Members, individuals and enterprises, shall be enforced. In addition, China shall make available to WTO Members, upon request, all laws, regulations and other measures pertaining to or affecting trade in goods, services, TRIPS or the control of foreign exchange before such measures are implemented or enforced. In emergency situations, laws, regulations and other measures shall be made available at the latest when they are implemented or enforced.

2. China shall establish or designate an official journal dedicated to the publication of all laws, regulations and other measures pertaining to or affecting trade in goods, services, TRIPS or the control of foreign exchange and, after publication of its laws, regulations or other measures in such journal, shall provide a reasonable period for comment to the appropriate authorities before such measures are implemented, except for those laws, regulations and other measures involving national security, specific measures setting foreign exchange rates or monetary policy and other measures the publication of which would impede law enforcement. China shall publish this journal on a regular basis and make copies of all issues of this journal readily available to individuals and enterprises.

3. China shall establish or designate an enquiry point where, upon request of any individual, enterprise or WTO Member all information relating to the measures required to be published under paragraph 2(C)1 of this Protocol may be obtained. Replies to requests for information shall generally be provided within 30 days after receipt of a request. In exceptional cases, replies may be provided within 45 days after receipt of a request. Notice of the delay and the reasons therefor shall be provided in writing to the interested party. Replies to WTO Members shall be complete and shall represent the authoritative view of the Chinese government. Accurate and reliable information shall be provided to individuals and enterprises.

(D) Judicial Review

1. China shall establish, or designate, and maintain tribunals, contact points and procedures for the prompt review of all administrative actions relating to the implementation of laws, regulations, judicial decisions and administrative rulings of general application referred to in Article X:1 of the GATT 1994, Article VI of the GATS and the relevant provisions of the TRIPS Agreement. Such tribunals shall be impartial and independent of the agency entrusted with administrative enforcement and shall not have any substantial interest in the outcome of the matter.

2. Review procedures shall include the opportunity for appeal, without penalty, by individuals or enterprises affected by any administrative action subject to review. If the initial right of appeal is to an administrative body, there shall in all cases be the opportunity to choose to appeal the decision to a judicial body. Notice of the decision on appeal shall be given to the appellant and the reasons for such decision shall be provided in writing. The appellant shall also be informed of any right to further appeal.

3. Non-discrimination

Except as otherwise provided for in this Protocol, foreign individuals and enterprises and foreign-funded enterprises shall be accorded treatment no less favourable than that accorded to other individuals and enterprises in respect of:

(a) the procurement of inputs and goods and services necessary for production and the conditions under which their goods are produced, marketed or sold, in the domestic market and for export; and

(b) the prices and availability of goods and services supplied by national and sub-national authorities and public or state enterprises, in areas including transportation, energy, basic telecommunications, other utilities and factors of production.

4. Special Trade Arrangements

Upon accession, China shall eliminate or bring into conformity with the WTO Agreement all special trade arrangements, including barter trade arrangements, with third countries and separate customs territories, which are not in conformity with the WTO Agreement.

5. Right to Trade

1. Without prejudice to China's right to regulate trade in a manner consistent with the WTO Agreement, China shall progressively liberalize the availability and scope of the right to trade, so that, within three years after accession, all enterprises in China shall have the right to trade in all goods throughout the customs territory of China, except for those goods listed in Annex 2A which continue to be subject to state trading in accordance with this Protocol. Such right to trade shall be the right to import and export goods. All such goods shall be accorded national treatment under Article III of the GATT 1994, especially paragraph 4 thereof, in respect of their internal sale, offering for sale, purchase, transportation, distribution or use, including their direct access to end-users. For those goods listed in Annex 2B, China shall phase out limitation on the grant of trading rights pursuant to the schedule in that Annex. China shall complete all necessary legislative procedures to implement these provisions during the transition period.

2. Except as otherwise provided for in this Protocol, all foreign individuals and enterprises, including those not invested or registered in China, shall be accorded treatment no less favourable than that accorded to enterprises in China with respect to the right to trade.

6. State Trading

1. China shall ensure that import purchasing procedures of state trading enterprises are fully transparent, and in compliance with the WTO Agreement, and shall refrain from taking any measure to influence or direct state trading enterprises as to the quantity, value, or country of origin of goods purchased or sold, except in accordance with the WTO Agreement.

2. As part of China's notification under the GATT 1994 and the Understanding on the Interpretation of Article XVII of the GATT 1994, China shall also provide full information on the pricing mechanisms of its state trading enterprises for exported goods.

7. Non-Tariff Measures

1. China shall implement the schedule for phased elimination of the measures contained in Annex 3. During the periods specified in Annex 3, the protection afforded by the measures listed in that Annex shall not be increased or expanded in size, scope or duration, nor shall any new measures be applied, unless in conformity with the provisions of the WTO Agreement.

2. In implementing the provisions of Articles III and XI of the GATT 1994 and the Agreement on Agriculture, China shall eliminate and shall not introduce, re-introduce or apply non-tariff measures that cannot be justified under the provisions of the WTO Agreement. For all non-tariff measures, whether or not referred to in Annex 3, that are applied after the date of accession, consistent with the WTO Agreement or this Protocol, China shall allocate and otherwise administer such measures in strict conformity with the provisions of the WTO Agreement, including GATT 1994 and Article XIII thereof, and the Agreement on Import Licensing Procedures, including notification requirements.

3. China shall, upon accession, comply with the TRIMs Agreement, without recourse to the provisions of Article 5 of the TRIMs Agreement. China shall eliminate and cease to enforce trade and foreign exchange balancing requirements, local content and export or performance requirements made effective through laws, regulations or other measures. Moreover, China will not enforce provisions of contracts imposing such requirements. Without prejudice to the relevant provisions of this Protocol, China shall ensure that the distribution of import licences, quotas, tariff-rate quotas, or any other means of approval for importation, the right of importation or investment by national and sub-national authorities, is not conditioned on: whether competing domestic suppliers of such products exist; or performance requirements of any kind, such as local content, offsets, the transfer of technology, export performance or the conduct of research and development in China.

4. Import and export prohibitions and restrictions, and licensing requirements affecting imports and exports shall only be imposed and enforced by the national authorities or by sub-national authorities with authorization from the national authorities. Such measures which are not imposed by the national authorities or by sub-national authorities with authorization from the national authorities, shall not be implemented or enforced.

8. Import and Export Licensing

1. In implementing the WTO Agreement and provisions of the Agreement on Import Licensing Procedures, China shall undertake the following measures to facilitate compliance with these agreements:

(a) China shall publish on a regular basis the following in the official journal referred to in paragraph 2(C)2 of this Protocol:

- by product, the list of all organizations, including those organizations delegated such authority by the national authorities, that are responsible for authorizing or approving imports or exports, whether through grant of licence or other approval;

- procedures and criteria for obtaining such import or export licences or other approvals, and the conditions for deciding whether they should be granted;

- a list of all products, by tariff number, that are subject to tendering requirements, including information on products subject to such tendering requirements and any changes, pursuant to the Agreement on Import Licensing Procedures;

- a list of all goods and technologies whose import or export are restricted or prohibited; these goods shall also be notified to the Committee on Import Licensing;

- any changes to the list of goods and technologies whose import and export are restricted or prohibited.

Copies of these submissions in one or more official languages of the WTO shall be forwarded to the WTO for circulation to WTO Members and for submission to the Committee on Import Licensing within 75 days of each publication.

(b) China shall notify the WTO of all licensing and quota requirements remaining in effect after accession, listed separately by HS tariff line and with the quantities associated with the restriction, if any, and the justification for maintaining the restriction or its scheduled date of termination.

(c) China shall submit the notification of its import licensing procedures to the Committee on Import Licensing. China shall report annually to the Committee on Import Licensing on its automatic import licensing procedures, explaining the circumstances which give rise to these requirements and justifying the need for their continuation. This report shall also provide the information listed in Article 3 of the Agreement on Import Licensing Procedures.

(d) China shall issue import licences for a minimum duration of validity of six months, except where exceptional circumstances make this impossible. In such cases, China shall promptly notify the Committee on Import Licensing of the exceptional circumstances requiring the shorter period of licence validity.

2. Except as otherwise provided for in this Protocol, foreign individuals and enterprises and foreign-funded enterprises shall be accorded treatment no less favourable than that accorded to other individuals and enterprises in respect of the distribution of import and export licences and quotas.

9. Price Controls

1. China shall, subject to paragraph 2 below, allow prices for traded goods and services in every sector to be determined by market forces, and multi-tier pricing practices for such goods and services shall be eliminated.

2. The goods and services listed in Annex 4 may be subject to price controls, consistent with the WTO Agreement, in particular Article III of the GATT 1994 and Annex 2, paragraphs 3 and 4 of the Agreement on Agriculture. Except in exceptional circumstances, and subject to notification to the WTO, price controls shall not be extended to goods or services beyond those listed in Annex 4, and China shall make best efforts to reduce and eliminate these controls.

3. China shall publish in the official journal the list of goods and services subject to state pricing and changes thereto.

10. Subsidies

1. China shall notify the WTO of any subsidy within the meaning of Article 1 of the Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures ("SCM Agreement"), granted or maintained in its territory, organized by specific product, including those subsidies defined in Article 3 of the SCM Agreement. The information provided should be as specific as possible, following the requirements of the questionnaire on subsidies as noted in Article 25 of the SCM Agreement.

2. For purposes of applying Articles 1.2 and 2 of the SCM Agreement, subsidies provided to state-owned enterprises will be viewed as specific if, inter alia, state-owned enterprises are the predominant recipients of such subsidies or state-owned enterprises receive disproportionately large amounts of such subsidies.

3. China shall eliminate all subsidy programmes falling within the scope of Article 3 of the SCM Agreement upon accession.

11. Taxes and Charges Levied on Imports and Exports

1. China shall ensure that customs fees or charges applied or administered by national or sub-national authorities, shall be in conformity with the GATT 1994.

2. China shall ensure that internal taxes and charges, including value-added taxes, applied or administered by national or sub-national authorities shall be in conformity with the GATT 1994.

3. China shall eliminate all taxes and charges applied to exports unless specifically provided for in Annex 6 of this Protocol or applied in conformity with the provisions of Article VIII of the GATT 1994.

4. Foreign individuals and enterprises and foreign-funded enterprises shall, upon accession, be accorded treatment no less favourable than that accorded to other individuals and enterprises in respect of the provision of border tax adjustments.

12. Agriculture

1. China shall implement the provisions contained in China's Schedule of Concessions and Commitments on Goods and, as specifically provided in this Protocol, those of the Agreement on Agriculture. In this context, China shall not maintain or introduce any export subsidies on agricultural products.

2. China shall, under the Transitional Review Mechanism, notify fiscal and other transfers between or among state-owned enterprises in the agricultural sector (whether national or sub-national) and other enterprises that operate as state trading enterprises in the agricultural sector.

13. Technical Barriers to Trade

1. China shall publish in the official journal all criteria, whether formal or informal, that are the basis for a technical regulation, standard or conformity assessment procedure.

2. China shall, upon accession, bring into conformity with the TBT Agreement all technical regulations, standards and conformity assessment procedures.

3. China shall apply conformity assessment procedures to imported products only to determine compliance with technical regulations and standards that are consistent with the provisions of this Protocol and the WTO Agreement. Conformity assessment bodies will determine the conformity of imported products with commercial terms of contracts only if authorized by the parties to such contract. China shall ensure that such inspection of products for compliance with the commercial terms of contracts does not affect customs clearance or the granting of import licences for such products.

4. (a) Upon accession, China shall ensure that the same technical regulations, standards and conformity assessment procedures are applied to both imported and domestic products. In order to ensure a smooth transition from the current system, China shall ensure that, upon accession, all certification, safety licensing, and quality licensing bodies and agencies are authorized to undertake these activities for both imported and domestic products, and that, one year after accession, all conformity assessment bodies and agencies are authorized to undertake conformity assessment for both imported and domestic products. The choice of body or agency shall be at the discretion of the applicant. For imported and domestic products, all bodies and agencies shall issue the same mark and charge the same fee. They shall also provide the same processing periods and complaint procedures. Imported products shall not be subject to more than one conformity assessment. China shall publish and make readily available to other WTO Members, individuals, and enterprises full information on the respective responsibilities of its conformity assessment bodies and agencies.

(b) No later than 18 months after accession, China shall assign the respective responsibilities of its conformity assessment bodies solely on the basis of the scope of work and type of product without any consideration of the origin of a product. The respective responsibilities that will be assigned to China's conformity assessment bodies will be notified to the TBT Committee 12 months after accession.

14. Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures

China shall notify to the WTO all laws, regulations and other measures relating to its sanitary and phytosanitary measures, including product coverage and relevant international standards, guidelines and recommendations, within 30 days after accession.

15. Price Comparability in Determining Subsidies and Dumping

Article VI of the GATT 1994, the Agreement on Implementation of Article VI of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 1994 ("Anti-Dumping Agreement") and the SCM Agreement shall apply in proceedings involving imports of Chinese origin into a WTO Member consistent with the following:

(a) In determining price comparability under Article VI of the GATT 1994 and the Anti-Dumping Agreement, the importing WTO Member shall use either Chinese prices or costs for the industry under investigation or a methodology that is not based on a strict comparison with domestic prices or costs in China based on the following rules:

(i) If the producers under investigation can clearly show that market economy conditions prevail in the industry producing the like product with regard to the manufacture, production and sale of that product, the importing WTO Member shall use Chinese prices or costs for the industry under investigation in determining price comparability;

(ii) The importing WTO Member may use a methodology that is not based on a strict comparison with domestic prices or costs in China if the producers under investigation cannot clearly show that market economy conditions prevail in the industry producing the like product with regard to manufacture, production and sale of that product.

(b) In proceedings under Parts II, III and V of the SCM Agreement, when addressing subsidies described in Articles 14(a), 14(b), 14(c) and 14(d), relevant provisions of the SCM Agreement shall apply; however, if there are special difficulties in that application, the importing WTO Member may then use methodologies for identifying and measuring the subsidy benefit which take into account the possibility that prevailing terms and conditions in China may not always be available as appropriate benchmarks. In applying such methodologies, where practicable, the importing WTO Member should adjust such prevailing terms and conditions before considering the use of terms and conditions prevailing outside China.

(c) The importing WTO Member shall notify methodologies used in accordance with subparagraph (a) to the Committee on Anti-Dumping Practices and shall notify methodologies used in accordance with subparagraph (b) to the Committee on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures.

(d) Once China has established, under the national law of the importing WTO Member, that it is a market economy, the provisions of subparagraph (a) shall be terminated provided that the importing Member's national law contains market economy criteria as of the date of accession. In any event, the provisions of subparagraph (a)(ii) shall expire 15 years after the date of accession. In addition, should China establish, pursuant to the national law of the importing WTO Member, that market economy conditions prevail in a particular industry or sector, the non-market economy provisions of subparagraph (a) shall no longer apply to that industry or sector.

16. Transitional Product-Specific Safeguard Mechanism

1. In cases where products of Chinese origin are being imported into the territory of any WTO Member in such increased quantities or under such conditions as to cause or threaten to cause market disruption to the domestic producers of like or directly competitive products, the WTO Member so affected may request consultations with China with a view to seeking a mutually satisfactory solution, including whether the affected WTO Member should pursue application of a measure under the Agreement on Safeguards. Any such request shall be notified immediately to the Committee on Safeguards.

2. If, in the course of these bilateral consultations, it is agreed that imports of Chinese origin are such a cause and that action is necessary, China shall take such action as to prevent or remedy the market disruption. Any such action shall be notified immediately to the Committee on Safeguards.

3. If consultations do not lead to an agreement between China and the WTO Member concerned within 60 days of the receipt of a request for consultations, the WTO Member affected shall be free, in respect of such products, to withdraw concessions or otherwise to limit imports only to the extent necessary to prevent or remedy such market disruption. Any such action shall be notified immediately to the Committee on Safeguards.

4. Market disruption shall exist whenever imports of an article, like or directly competitive with an article produced by the domestic industry, are increasing rapidly, either absolutely or relatively, so as to be a significant cause of material injury, or threat of material injury to the domestic industry. In determining if market disruption exists, the affected WTO Member shall consider objective factors, including the volume of imports, the effect of imports on prices for like or directly competitive articles, and the effect of such imports on the domestic industry producing like or directly competitive products.

5. Prior to application of a measure pursuant to paragraph 3, the WTO Member taking such action shall provide reasonable public notice to all interested parties and provide adequate opportunity for importers, exporters and other interested parties to submit their views and evidence on the appropriateness of the proposed measure and whether it would be in the public interest. The WTO Member shall provide written notice of the decision to apply a measure, including the reasons for such measure and its scope and duration.

6. A WTO Member shall apply a measure pursuant to this Section only for such period of time as may be necessary to prevent or remedy the market disruption. If a measure is taken as a result of a relative increase in the level of imports, China has the right to suspend the application of substantially equivalent concessions or obligations under the GATT 1994 to the trade of the WTO Member applying the measure, if such measure remains in effect more than two years. However, if a measure is taken as a result of an absolute increase in imports, China has a right to suspend the application of substantially equivalent concessions or obligations under the GATT 1994 to the trade of the WTO Member applying the measure, if such measure remains in effect more than three years. Any such action by China shall be notified immediately to the Committee on Safeguards.

7. In critical circumstances, where delay would cause damage which it would be difficult to repair, the WTO Member so affected may take a provisional safeguard measure pursuant to a preliminary determination that imports have caused or threatened to cause market disruption. In this case, notification of the measures taken to the Committee on Safeguards and a request for bilateral consultations shall be effected immediately thereafter. The duration of the provisional measure shall not exceed 200 days during which the pertinent requirements of paragraphs 1, 2 and 5 shall be met. The duration of any provisional measure shall be counted toward the period provided for under paragraph 6.

8. If a WTO Member considers that an action taken under paragraphs 2, 3 or 7 causes or threatens to cause significant diversions of trade into its market, it may request consultations with China and/or the WTO Member concerned. Such consultations shall be held within 30 days after the request is notified to the Committee on Safeguards. If such consultations fail to lead to an agreement between China and the WTO Member or Members concerned within 60 days after the notification, the requesting WTO Member shall be free, in respect of such product, to withdraw concessions accorded to or otherwise limit imports from China, to the extent necessary to prevent or remedy such diversions. Such action shall be notified immediately to the Committee on Safeguards.

9. Application of this Section shall be terminated 12 years after the date of accession.

17. Reservations by WTO Members

All prohibitions, quantitative restrictions and other measures maintained by WTO Members against imports from China in a manner inconsistent with the WTO Agreement are listed in Annex 7. All such prohibitions, quantitative restrictions and other measures shall be phased out or dealt with in accordance with mutually agreed terms and timetables as specified in the said Annex.

18. Transitional Review Mechanism

1. Those subsidiary bodies1 of the WTO which have a mandate covering China's commitments under the WTO Agreement or this Protocol shall, within one year after accession and in accordance with paragraph 4 below, review, as appropriate to their mandate, the implementation by China of the WTO Agreement and of the related provisions of this Protocol. China shall provide relevant information, including information specified in Annex 1A, to each subsidiary body in advance of the review. China can also raise issues relating to any reservations under Section 17 or to any other specific commitments made by other Members in this Protocol, in those subsidiary bodies which have a relevant mandate. Each subsidiary body shall report the results of such review promptly to the relevant Council established by paragraph 5 of Article IV of the WTO Agreement, if applicable, which shall in turn report promptly to the General Council.

2. The General Council shall, within one year after accession, and in accordance with paragraph 4 below, review the implementation by China of the WTO Agreement and the provisions of this Protocol. The General Council shall conduct such review in accordance with the framework set out in Annex 1B and in the light of the results of any reviews held pursuant to paragraph 1. China also can raise issues relating to any reservations under Section 17 or to any other specific commitments made by other Members in this Protocol. The General Council may make recommendations to China and to other Members in these respects.

3. Consideration of issues pursuant to this Section shall be without prejudice to the rights and obligations of any Member, including China, under the WTO Agreement or any Plurilateral Trade Agreement, and shall not preclude or be a precondition to recourse to consultation or other provisions of the WTO Agreement or this Protocol.

4. The review provided for in paragraphs 1 and 2 will take place after accession in each year for eight years. Thereafter there will be a final review in year 10 or at an earlier date decided by the General Council.

Part II - Schedules

1. The Schedules annexed to this Protocol shall become the Schedule of Concessions and Commitments annexed to the GATT 1994 and the Schedule of Specific Commitments annexed to the GATS relating to China. The staging of concessions and commitments listed in the Schedules shall be implemented as specified in the relevant parts of the relevant Schedules.

2. For the purpose of the reference in paragraph 6(a) of Article II of the GATT 1994 to the date of that Agreement, the applicable date in respect of the Schedules of Concessions and Commitments annexed to this Protocol shall be the date of accession.

Part III - Final Provisions

1. This Protocol shall be open for acceptance, by signature or otherwise, by China until 1 January 2002.

2. This Protocol shall enter into force on the thirtieth day following the day of its acceptance.

3. This Protocol shall be deposited with the Director-General of the WTO. The Director-General shall promptly furnish a certified copy of this Protocol and a notification of acceptance by China thereof, pursuant to paragraph 1 of Part III of this Protocol, to each WTO Member and to China.

4. This Protocol shall be registered in accordance with the provisions of Article 102 of the Charter of the United Nations.

Done at Doha this tenth day of November two thousand and one, in a single copy, in the English, French and Spanish languages, each text being authentic, except that a Schedule annexed hereto may specify that it is authentic in only one or more of these languages.

1 Council for Trade in Goods, Council for Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights, Council for Trade in Services, Committees on Balance-of-Payments Restrictions, Market Access (covering also ITA), Agriculture, Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures, Technical Barriers to Trade, Subsidies and Countervailing Measures, Anti-Dumping Measures, Customs Valuation, Rules of Origin, Import Licensing, Trade-Related Investment Measures, Safeguards, Trade in Financial Services.


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